Vulvar melanoma symptoms: what to know

A vulvar melanoma can be darker than surrounding skin, but colour may vary and some lesions are not deeply pigmented. Look for a new mark or a change in size, shape, colour, surface or border. A sore that does not heal, bleeding without a clear cause, persistent irritation or a firm lump also deserves assessment.

Most vulvar symptoms have causes other than melanoma, and appearance alone cannot diagnose it. A clinician may inspect the vulva with good lighting and recommend a biopsy. More information about [Melanoma](/conditions/melanoma/) can help you understand the broader condition.

Make an appointment with a GP, gynaecologist or dermatologist if a change persists or evolves. Avoid scratching, picking or applying strong creams to an unexplained lesion before it is examined. Note when you first saw it, whether it bleeds, and any recent products or treatments used in the area.

Bring a list of medicines and previous skin conditions. If a biopsy is advised, ask how the sample will be taken and when results should be discussed. A confirmed diagnosis may lead to [Surgical Excision](/treatments/surgical-dermatology/excisional-surgery/) and further staging.

Seek prompt clinical review for a changing pigmented lesion, unexplained bleeding, a persistent ulcer, a growing lump or pain that does not settle. Seek urgent help for heavy bleeding, severe pain, fever with a rapidly worsening wound, or inability to pass urine. Sudden weakness, confusion or a severe new headache needs emergency assessment.

Ask: What changes do you see? Could this be another vulvar condition? Do I need a biopsy? How should I care for the area while waiting? If melanoma is confirmed, which specialist will coordinate staging and treatment?