Symptoms of vulvar cancer

Possible symptoms include a sore or ulcer that does not heal, a lump or thickened patch, a change in skin colour, ongoing itching or burning, tenderness, pain during sex, unusual bleeding, or discharge. Some people notice a change in one area; others notice a broader irritation.

Vulvar cancer can present with these symptoms, but the same changes are also caused by infections, inflammation, dermatitis, cysts, and other non-cancer conditions. A symptom does not establish the diagnosis. Persistence, progression, or recurrence is a reason for examination.

Book a medical appointment for a change that does not settle or keeps returning. Record its location, duration, triggers, and any bleeding or discharge. A clinician may inspect the vulva and recommend a small biopsy if an area remains unusual. Avoid scratching and use only products advised for the affected skin.

Seek prompt care for bleeding, a fast-growing lump, an open sore, severe pain, or difficulty passing urine. Go to emergency care for heavy bleeding, inability to urinate, or severe pain with fever or marked illness.

Ask which findings need testing, whether a biopsy is recommended, what skin care is suitable, and which changes should trigger an earlier review.