Vulval skin cancer: signs and next steps

Possible warning signs include a lump, thickened patch, ulcer, wart-like growth, persistent itching, burning, pain, or a change in colour or texture. Bleeding or discharge from a sore can also occur. Many vulval changes are caused by irritation, inflammation, infection, or a benign growth, so a change does not by itself confirm cancer. What matters is a new or ongoing finding that does not settle with simple care.

Look only as much as is comfortable and note where the change is, when it began, whether it is growing, and whether it bleeds or hurts. Do not scratch, pick, or repeatedly apply over-the-counter products before an examination.

Book an appointment with a GP, gynaecologist, or vulval-health clinician for any persistent or changing lesion. The clinician may inspect the skin and recommend a small biopsy to identify the cells involved. Colposcopy can provide magnified examination of tissue when it is the appropriate test. Use gentle washing, avoid fragranced products, and bring a list of creams or medicines you have tried.

Seek prompt review if a sore does not heal, a lump enlarges, the area bleeds repeatedly, pain or itching is worsening, or urination becomes difficult. Seek urgent help for heavy bleeding, rapidly increasing swelling, severe pain, fever, or feeling very unwell. Do not wait for discomfort to become severe before arranging a planned examination.

What could this skin change represent? Do I need a biopsy or colposcopy? How should I care for the area while waiting? Which changes should prompt faster review, and when will I receive the test result?