Viral cold and cough: what should you know?

Cold viruses can inflame the nose, throat and larger breathing tubes. This may cause a blocked or runny nose, sneezing, sore throat, hoarse voice and a cough that is dry or brings up mucus. Coughing can continue after the nose feels better because irritated airways take time to settle. A cold does not automatically explain every prolonged cough. Reflux, allergic rhinitis, asthma, acute bronchitis and other conditions can also cause cough, so the pattern and duration matter.

Rest, drink regularly and use warm fluids to soothe the throat. Saline nasal drops or spray may ease a blocked nose. Avoid cigarette smoke and other airway irritants. Wash hands, cover coughs and avoid sharing cups while symptoms are active. Use medicines only as directed on the label or by a clinician, particularly for children, pregnancy or other medical conditions. Antibiotics do not treat viruses and should not be started without advice.

Seek urgent help for severe breathing difficulty, blue lips, chest pain, confusion or inability to keep fluids down. Arrange a clinical review if the cough is worsening, disrupts sleep repeatedly, returns after improving, or comes with persistent fever, wheezing or coughing blood. Children, older adults and people with long-term lung disease may need earlier advice.

Ask whether the cough fits a simple viral illness, which symptoms suggest asthma or bronchitis, and which treatment is suitable for your age and health history.