What should you know about vigina bleeding after sex?

A small amount of blood may follow friction, dryness, or a delicate area of tissue. Cervical ectropion, polyps, infection such as chlamydia, and genitourinary syndrome of menopause can also cause contact bleeding. Cervical dysplasia and cancers of the cervix or vagina are less common possibilities that a clinician may need to exclude; bleeding alone does not establish any of these diagnoses. The timing, amount, pregnancy possibility, pain, discharge, and whether bleeding happens outside sex all help guide assessment.

Record when the bleeding happens, how long it lasts, and any associated pain or discharge. Pause penetrative sex if it causes bleeding or pain, and avoid douching or fragranced products. Arrange a gynaecology or primary-care appointment for bleeding that recurs, occurs after menopause, or has no clear explanation. Assessment may include an examination, infection testing, cervical screening review, or further investigation such as cone biopsy when indicated.

Seek urgent medical help for heavy bleeding, faintness, severe pelvic or abdominal pain, fever, or bleeding during a possible pregnancy. Prompt assessment is also needed for bleeding after menopause or bleeding accompanied by a foul-smelling discharge. If you feel light-headed or unwell, do not drive yourself; ask someone to help you reach care.

Could dryness, infection, or a cervical change explain this bleeding? Do I need an examination or infection tests? Is my cervical screening up to date? What symptoms would mean I should seek urgent help?