Vaginal malignant melanoma: what to know

Melanoma begins in pigment-producing cells. In the vagina or vulva, it may appear as a dark, irregular, raised, or changing area, but colour alone cannot diagnose it. Bleeding, discharge, pain, or a new lump can also have many causes. A clinician usually examines the area and takes a biopsy so a pathologist can identify the cell type and features. Staging checks whether disease is local or has spread, which guides treatment.

Arrange prompt review with a gynaecologist, dermatologist, or cancer team for a new or changing lesion, unexplained bleeding, or a persistent lump. Treatment may include Surgical Excision or other Skin Cancer Surgery, depending on location and extent. A Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy may help assess nearby lymph nodes in selected cases. Some people need Tumour Removal Surgery, Immunotherapy, or coordinated care. Do not scrape, burn, or repeatedly self-check a lesion in place of examination.

Contact a clinician promptly for a changing pigmented mark, bleeding without a clear explanation, a sore that does not heal, a growing lump, or persistent pelvic pain. Seek urgent help for heavy bleeding, severe pain, faintness, or difficulty passing urine. After treatment, new symptoms such as persistent headaches, weakness, breathlessness, or unexplained weight loss should be reported; follow-up may include surveillance and imaging when indicated.

Where is the lesion located and what biopsy is needed? What does the stage mean for my options? Should lymph nodes be assessed? Who will coordinate surgery, oncology, and follow-up?