What should you know about urethral melanoma?

Melanoma begins in melanocytes, the cells that make pigment. In the urethra, it can cause bleeding, a visible lesion, discomfort, altered urine flow or a persistent urinary symptom, although these signs can have other causes. A clinician may examine the urethra and nearby tissues, then take a biopsy so a pathologist can identify the tumour and describe its features.

Staging checks whether disease is confined to its original site or has reached nearby lymph nodes or other organs. The findings help the team discuss local removal, lymph-node assessment, systemic treatment or combinations of these approaches. The melanoma overview provides broader context about the condition.

Arrange prompt review with a urologist and an oncology team experienced in rare mucosal melanomas. Bring previous reports, medication details and a clear timeline of bleeding, pain, a lump, urinary blockage or changes in urine flow. Do not delay review because a symptom has eased.

Treatment depends on the tumour’s position, depth, spread and your general health. Possible discussions include surgical excision or tumour removal surgery, with imaging and sometimes sentinel lymph node biopsy. Immunotherapy may be considered when the clinical team believes treatment directed at the immune system is appropriate.

Seek urgent medical help for inability to pass urine, heavy or continuing bleeding, severe pelvic pain, faintness, fever with urinary symptoms, or rapidly worsening swelling. These problems can require immediate treatment even before the cause is confirmed.

A confirmed diagnosis also needs planned follow-up. Ask how surveillance will check the original area, lymph nodes and symptoms elsewhere, and what changes should trigger an earlier appointment. Follow-up after cancer treatment can help organise this monitoring.

Ask where the lesion is, how the biopsy confirms melanoma, whether staging scans or lymph-node assessment are needed, which treatments are realistic, and how treatment could affect urination, sexual function and recovery. Ask who will coordinate appointments and which warning signs should prompt contact.