Unstable angina etiology

The heart muscle needs a steady supply of oxygen-rich blood. Fatty deposits can narrow the coronary arteries, and a disturbed surface or clot can reduce flow further. The mismatch between supply and demand can produce chest discomfort, especially when the pattern is changing or symptoms occur at rest. Spasm or another temporary change in an artery can also contribute.

Risk factors include high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, high cholesterol, kidney disease, and a personal or family history of cardiovascular disease. Having a risk factor does not prove that chest symptoms are angina, and many other conditions can cause chest discomfort. [Hypertension](/conditions/hypertension/) and [Angina](/conditions/angina/) provide related background.

A clinician will consider the timing, triggers, sensation, spread, and associated symptoms, then examine you and arrange tests. An [Electrocardiogram](/treatments/diagnostics-and-screening/ecg/) records the heart’s electrical activity, while blood tests can help identify heart-muscle injury. Results may change over time, so repeat assessment can be needed.

Treatment is chosen for the suspected cause and immediate risk. It may include medicines that reduce the heart’s workload or clotting tendency, and longer-term risk-factor care. [Blood Pressure Medication](/treatments/medical-management/blood-pressure-medication/) or [Statin Therapy](/treatments/medical-management/statin-therapy/) may be part of that plan when clinically suitable. Do not start, stop, or share prescription medicines without advice.

Call emergency services for new, worsening, or rest-related chest pressure or tightness, particularly with breathlessness, sweating, nausea, faintness, or discomfort in the arm, back, neck, or jaw. A symptom such as [Chest Tightness](/symptoms/chest-tightness/) should be treated as urgent when its pattern is concerning, even if you have had similar symptoms before.

Ask what may be reducing blood flow in your case, which tests are needed, whether your medicines address blood pressure or cholesterol, and how to recognise a change that requires emergency help. Ask when normal activities can safely resume.