What should you know about universal ulcerative colitis?

Inflammation starts in the lining of the rectum and may extend through part or all of the large bowel. Symptoms can come in flares, with quieter periods between them. Diarrhoea, urgency, abdominal discomfort, blood or mucus in stool and fatigue are possible, but the pattern differs between people. Diagnosis may involve a history, examination, blood or stool tests and a camera examination of the bowel; these steps also help rule out infection and other causes.

Arrange a GP consultation for ongoing diarrhoea, blood in stool, repeated abdominal pain or unexplained weight loss. Keep a record of stool frequency, urgency, bleeding, pain, fever, food triggers and medicines. Treatment is tailored to the location and activity of inflammation and may include anti-inflammatory medicine, immune-targeting treatment or surgery. Take prescribed medicine consistently, maintain fluids during diarrhoea, and ask your care team before changing treatment or restricting foods.

Seek urgent care for heavy or repeated rectal bleeding, severe or worsening abdominal pain, a swollen abdomen, persistent vomiting, inability to drink, faintness, confusion or a high fever. A sudden increase in diarrhoea with marked weakness can cause dehydration and needs prompt assessment. If you have ulcerative colitis and feel acutely unwell, contact your treating team or emergency services rather than waiting for a routine review.

Which tests can confirm the cause of my bowel symptoms? What is my treatment and flare plan? How will we monitor inflammation and decide whether colorectal cancer screening is appropriate for me?