Understanding Crohn's disease

Crohn's disease happens when inflammation affects the digestive tract. It may involve the small bowel, large bowel or areas around the anus. Symptoms can come and go, with quieter periods and flares. Abdominal pain and diarrhoea are common presentations of Crohn's disease, but symptoms vary and can include tiredness, reduced appetite, weight change or blood in the stool.

The condition is not diagnosed from one symptom alone. A clinician considers your history, examination and test results. Blood tests may look for inflammation or anaemia; further evaluation can involve stool tests or imaging, depending on the situation.

Book a GP consultation for ongoing diarrhoea, recurrent abdominal pain or unexplained bowel changes. Keep a simple record of stool changes, pain, food triggers, fever, medicines and how symptoms affect eating or sleep. Do not stop prescribed treatment without advice.

Care may include medicines to settle inflammation, nutrition support and monitoring. A specialist plan is adjusted to symptoms, affected bowel areas and response to treatment. Ask before taking anti-inflammatory pain medicines or supplements, as some may worsen bowel symptoms or interact with treatment.

Seek urgent medical help for severe or worsening abdominal pain, repeated vomiting, a swollen abdomen, heavy rectal bleeding, faintness, high fever or inability to keep fluids down. These signs can indicate dehydration, obstruction, infection or significant bleeding and need prompt assessment.

What tests are appropriate for my symptoms? Could Crohn's disease explain the pattern, or should other causes be considered? Which medicines are being discussed, and how will we monitor them? What should I do during a flare, and who should I contact if symptoms suddenly worsen?