What should you know about under the skin blackheads?

Oil and shed skin cells collect in a follicle whose opening remains exposed. Contact with air changes the material at the surface, producing the familiar dark appearance. Blackheads often occur on the nose, forehead, and chin, but can affect other oily areas. They are a form of open comedone and may occur with comedonal acne. A very deep, tender, red lump is not a typical blackhead and should not be forced out.

Cleanse without scrubbing, select non-comedogenic products, and avoid squeezing or using sharp tools at home. Topical retinoids can help prevent new blockages when used as directed. A trained professional may offer controlled extraction for suitable lesions. Isotretinoin is reserved for selected severe or persistent acne and requires medical supervision. See [Comedonal Acne](/conditions/comedonal-acne/) and [Topical Retinoids](/treatments/medical-dermatology/topical-retinoids/).

Book a dermatology assessment if blackheads are widespread, repeatedly returning, painful, scarring, or resistant to a careful routine. Prompt care is appropriate for rapidly spreading redness, pus, fever, or a painful swelling, which may indicate inflammation or infection rather than a simple comedone.

Ask whether the lesion is a blackhead or another type of acne, which cleanser or retinoid is suitable, whether extraction is safe, and when stronger treatment should be considered.