Types of vitamin D deficiency

Low production can occur when skin exposure to sunlight is limited, skin covers most of the body, or the body makes less vitamin D. Reduced absorption may follow some bowel or digestive conditions. The body's handling of vitamin D can also be affected by liver, kidney, or other health problems.

Some people have no clear symptoms. Others notice fatigue, generalised weakness, muscle aches, joint pain, or low mood. Severe or prolonged deficiency can weaken bones and contribute to fractures, including a stress fracture. These symptoms have many possible causes, so they do not establish deficiency on their own.

A clinician may review diet, sunlight exposure, medicines, digestive health, weight, bone symptoms, and relevant medical conditions. A blood test can help assess vitamin D status alongside other tests when symptoms suggest another explanation.

Use supplements only as advised, because the dose and duration depend on the result and your health. Do not take several vitamin products together without checking their ingredients. A balanced diet and sensible outdoor activity may support general health, but they do not replace assessment when symptoms persist.

Arrange medical advice for persistent weakness, bone or joint pain, repeated falls, or a suspected fracture. Seek urgent care after severe pain, inability to use a limb, deformity, or sudden loss of strength. Rapidly worsening symptoms, confusion, or repeated vomiting also need prompt assessment.

Ask whether testing is appropriate, what may be contributing to the result, which supplement is suitable, and when it should be reviewed. Mention pregnancy, kidney or liver disease, digestive problems, medicines, and any history of fractures or frequent infections.