Types of Sickle Cell Disease

The changed cells can become stiff and may slow or block blood flow. This can contribute to pain episodes, anaemia, and problems affecting different parts of the body.

The type depends on which haemoglobin genes a person inherits. HbSS is often called sickle cell anaemia and occurs when a person inherits a sickle haemoglobin gene from each parent. Other forms include HbSC disease and sickle beta thalassaemia, where a sickle gene is inherited alongside another haemoglobin variant.

People with any type can have symptoms, but their pattern can differ. Fatigue or pale skin can occur when anaemia is present, while pain may involve bones or joints. A blood test can identify the haemoglobin pattern and help the care team explain what it means for the individual.

Keep regular appointments with a clinician experienced in sickle cell care, even when you feel well. Your plan may cover vaccines, medicines, pain management, hydration, and how to respond when symptoms change. Share the diagnosis with healthcare professionals before treatment or procedures.

Family planning discussions can be useful because the condition is inherited. Premarital screening or genetic counselling can clarify carrier status and support informed decisions for couples and families.

Seek urgent medical assessment for fever, chest pain, trouble breathing, sudden weakness, severe headache, confusion, or an unusually painful episode that is not settling with your agreed plan. These symptoms need prompt assessment because sickle cell disease can sometimes cause serious complications.

Contact your usual clinical team promptly for new or worsening tiredness, marked paleness, joint pain, or a change in your usual symptoms. They can advise whether you need an examination or blood testing.

Ask which haemoglobin type you have, how it was confirmed, and which symptoms should trigger urgent care for you. You can also ask for a written pain plan, whether your medicines need review, and what screening or specialist follow-up is appropriate.