Type 2 diabetes and dementia

Memory, attention or planning changes may lead to missed medicines, repeated doses, forgotten meals or difficulty recognising low glucose. Low glucose itself can cause confusion, drowsiness or unusual behaviour, so a new change should not automatically be attributed to dementia.

Diabetes care should match the person's ability to manage it safely. A clinician may simplify routines, involve a trusted supporter and consider whether treatment targets or devices need adjustment. The person's preferences and independence should remain part of these decisions.

Use a consistent medicine routine, a clearly organised supply and an agreed record of doses. A trusted person can support meals, glucose checks and appointments, with consent. Keep fast-acting treatment available if the diabetes team has advised it for low glucose, and teach supporters which symptoms require help.

Reduce hazards by keeping medicines, sharps and testing equipment secure. Check feet, hydration and food intake as part of the daily routine. Tell the clinician about falls, appetite changes, repeated low readings or difficulty using a device.

Seek urgent help for sudden confusion, inability to wake, a seizure, fainting, severe weakness or suspected severe low glucose. Sudden facial drooping, one-sided weakness or speech difficulty may indicate a stroke. Arrange prompt review for repeated missed medicines, unexplained behaviour change, falls or inability to eat and drink safely.

Ask how to distinguish low glucose from cognitive symptoms. Who should help with medicines and testing? Can the regimen or device be simplified? What written plan should family or carers follow during illness, poor appetite or a missed dose?