Treatment for gout flares: what to know

Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis caused by urate crystals irritating a joint. A flare can cause sudden joint pain, warmth, redness, tenderness, and swelling; the big toe, ankle, knee, or another joint may be involved. The symptoms are a presentation of gout, but similar symptoms can also occur with infection or another inflammatory problem, so a new or unusually severe episode needs clinical judgement.

Contact a clinician early, especially if this is your first episode. Treatment may include a prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicine, colchicine, or a corticosteroid; the choice depends on kidney function, stomach health, other conditions, and current medicines. Rest the joint, raise it when possible, and use a wrapped cool pack for short periods. Drink normally unless a clinician has given you a fluid restriction. Do not start, stop, or double medicines without advice. Long-term urate-lowering treatment is a separate prevention plan and is not the same as pain relief during the attack.

Seek urgent medical help for fever, chills, feeling very unwell, rapidly worsening redness or swelling, a wound near the joint, or inability to use the limb. These features can signal infection or another urgent cause. Arrange a review if pain is not settling with the prescribed plan, flares keep returning, or you have kidney disease or take medicines that affect bleeding or fluid balance.

Ask which medicine is suitable with your other prescriptions, how soon it should be taken, and what warning effects require help. Ask whether you need a urate test, joint fluid assessment, or a prevention plan after the flare settles.