Total and partial knee replacement: what to know

The knee has separate compartments. A partial replacement preserves the healthy compartments and replaces the damaged one; it may suit people whose disease and supporting ligaments are limited to one area. A total replacement resurfaces the damaged ends of the thighbone and shinbone and may be considered when wear affects several compartments. Knee osteoarthritis is one condition that can lead to this discussion.

Implants commonly include a metal component and a durable plastic bearing. Cobalt-chrome alloy and highly cross-linked polyethylene are examples of materials your surgeon may discuss. The choice depends on joint damage, alignment, ligament stability, activity needs, and examination findings.

Ask what imaging shows, which compartments are affected, and why one operation fits your knee better. Arrange help with meals, bathing, transport, and stairs during the early recovery period. Practise the exercises recommended by your physiotherapist, use walking support as instructed, and keep follow-up appointments so movement, swelling, wound healing, and strength can be checked.

Contact your surgical team promptly for increasing wound redness, drainage, fever, worsening pain, or a sudden loss of movement. Seek urgent care for chest pain, severe breathlessness, fainting, or a newly swollen and painful calf. Follow the discharge instructions because the right response can depend on your operation and medical history.

Which compartments are damaged? Are my ligaments stable enough for a partial replacement? What restrictions will apply to driving, work, kneeling, and stairs? Which exercises and pain medicines should I use at home?