Things to do before an abdominal ultrasound

An abdominal ultrasound uses sound waves to create pictures of organs and nearby structures. It may help assess the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, bladder, major blood vessels, or a lump. It can support assessment of conditions such as [Gallstones](/conditions/gallstones/), [Kidney Stones](/conditions/kidney-stones/), and [Pancreatitis](/conditions/pancreatitis/), but the scan is only one part of a diagnosis.

A probe moves over gelled skin. You may need to change position or briefly hold your breath so images are clearer. The test does not use ionising radiation. Ask the imaging centre whether your appointment is a general abdominal scan or includes a separate pelvic assessment, because preparation can differ.

Read the appointment instructions carefully. Some abdominal scans require fasting for a period beforehand so the gallbladder is easier to assess and bowel gas is reduced; do not guess the fasting window. Ask whether plain water is allowed and whether you should arrive with a full bladder. Take regular medicines only as instructed, especially if you use insulin or medicines that must be taken with food.

Wear loose clothing that allows access to the abdomen. Bring your referral, prior imaging reports if requested, and a list of medicines and allergies. Tell staff if you are pregnant, have diabetes, cannot fast, or have difficulty lying flat. If you need an assessment first, a [GP Consultation](/treatments/consultations-and-assessment/gp-consultation/) can clarify the reason for the scan.

Preparation should not delay urgent care. Seek prompt medical help for severe or worsening abdominal pain, repeated vomiting, fever with a rigid or swollen abdomen, yellow skin or eyes, fainting, or inability to keep fluids down. If the scan was arranged for a new lump, bleeding, or unexplained weight loss, contact the referring clinician if symptoms worsen while you wait.

Ask what the scan is intended to assess, exactly when to stop eating, which drinks are permitted, how to manage diabetes medicines during fasting, and when results will be explained. Confirm whether you should attend with a full bladder and whom to contact if you cannot follow the instructions.