Signs of depression

A person with depression may feel sad, empty, numb, hopeless, guilty, or unusually irritable. They may stop enjoying activities, withdraw from others, struggle to concentrate, or find ordinary decisions exhausting. Sleep can become difficult or excessive, and energy may fall. Appetite and weight can change. One symptom alone does not establish depression; a clinician considers the pattern, duration, impact, medical history, and possible medicine or substance effects.

Write down changes in mood, sleep, energy, concentration, appetite, and activities so you can describe them clearly. Arrange an appointment with a general practitioner or mental-health professional if symptoms continue or affect work, relationships, self-care, or study. Keep regular meals, gentle movement, sleep routines, and contact with supportive people where possible. These steps can help while you arrange care but do not replace an assessment.

Get urgent help if you have thoughts of suicide or self-harm, feel unsafe, hear or see things others do not, or cannot care for yourself. Contact local emergency services or go to an emergency department. If someone else may be at risk, stay with them and remove immediate means of harm while help is arranged.

Could a physical condition, medicine, sleep problem, or substance be contributing? Which treatment choices fit my symptoms and preferences? What should I do if my mood suddenly worsens? How can family or trusted friends support my recovery?