Symptoms of tetanus after a wound

Tetanus bacteria can enter through punctures, deep cuts, burns, crush injuries or wounds contaminated with soil or debris. The wound itself may be painful, swollen or discoloured, but tetanus is recognised by nervous-system symptoms rather than by a particular wound appearance. Tight jaw muscles, a stiff neck, difficulty swallowing and abdominal rigidity can appear first. Spasms may spread to the back and limbs and can be brought on by sound, touch or movement. A small wound can still matter when vaccination protection is incomplete or uncertain.

Rinse visible dirt from a wound with clean running water, apply gentle pressure for bleeding, and cover it with a clean dressing. Arrange prompt medical advice for a deep, puncture or contaminated wound, especially when vaccination records are unavailable. Do not seal a dirty wound yourself or remove deeply embedded objects. Tell the clinician the injury mechanism, timing and last known tetanus vaccination. Tetanus Vaccination explains preventive protection.

Get emergency help for jaw stiffness, a locked jaw, trouble swallowing, breathing difficulty, severe muscle rigidity or spasms. Do not wait for the wound to become more painful. For any high-risk wound, seek same-day advice about prevention if the vaccination history is unclear, even when the person feels well. Keep someone with suspected tetanus quiet and avoid unnecessary stimulation while help is arranged.

Ask how the wound should be cleaned and dressed, whether preventive treatment is indicated, and how to update the vaccination record. Mention any jaw, neck, swallowing or muscle symptoms, even if they come and go.