Sudden loss of appetite and weight loss: what to know

Appetite may fall during an infection such as COVID-19, influenza, gastroenteritis, or hepatitis A. Nausea, abdominal pain, early fullness, or indigestion can occur with gastritis or a peptic ulcer. Low mood and loss of interest in usual activities can accompany depression. Less commonly, persistent appetite change and weight loss may be associated with a serious condition such as pancreatic cancer; this symptom alone cannot identify a cause.

Notice whether the change began after a new medicine, illness, stressful event, or change in taste or smell. Record what you eat and drink, related symptoms, and whether clothing or routine feels looser. This information helps a clinician decide whether you need examination, blood tests, or other assessment.

Take small, regular meals rather than waiting for hunger. Choose easy-to-eat foods with protein and energy, and sip fluids throughout the day. Avoid alcohol if it worsens nausea or stomach discomfort. Do not stop prescribed medicine without checking with the prescriber, but make a list of every medicine and supplement you use.

Arrange a primary-care appointment if the change continues, keeps returning, or is causing noticeable weight loss. Bring your food and symptom record, and mention dental problems, swallowing difficulty, bowel changes, mood symptoms, or recent travel and infections.

Seek urgent medical help for severe or worsening abdominal pain, repeated vomiting, confusion, fainting, inability to keep fluids down, black or bloody stools, vomiting blood, or yellowing of the skin or eyes. Prompt assessment is also sensible when weight loss continues without trying, weakness limits normal activities, or eating and drinking become difficult.

What causes should we consider based on my symptoms and medicines? Do I need an examination or tests? How can I maintain nutrition while this is investigated? Which changes would mean I should seek urgent help?