Stimson shoulder reduction: what to know

In the Stimson method, the person lies face down or in a carefully supported position while the affected arm hangs in a controlled way. Relaxation and time may allow the shoulder muscles to loosen; a trained professional may add measured traction. Before attempting reduction, clinicians assess circulation, sensation, movement, and the possibility of a fracture. The technique is not suitable for every dislocation or every patient, and imaging or another method may be needed.

Treat a visibly out-of-place, painful shoulder as an emergency. Support the arm in the most comfortable position with a sling or folded clothing, keep it still, and remove nearby jewellery before swelling increases. Do not pull on the arm, attempt a home reduction, eat or drink in case a procedure is needed, or massage the joint. After reduction, follow instructions about immobilisation, exercises, and follow-up rehabilitation.

Seek emergency care immediately for suspected shoulder dislocation, severe pain after a fall or collision, deformity, inability to move the arm, numbness, weakness, or a pale or cold hand. Urgent review remains necessary after the joint appears back in place, because bone, nerve, blood-vessel, or soft-tissue injury may coexist. Worsening pain, recurrent slipping, or loss of sensation after treatment also needs prompt assessment.

Was a fracture or nerve injury ruled out? Which reduction method was used and why? How long should I use a sling? When can rehabilitation begin, and what movements should I avoid while the shoulder heals?