Stage 4 triple-negative breast cancer

Triple-negative means the cancer cells do not show the usual hormone receptors or excess HER2 protein used to guide some breast-cancer treatments. This label does not describe where the cancer has spread. Stage 4 indicates distant spread, which may involve bone, liver, lung, or brain. The original biopsy and a sample from a metastatic site, when feasible, help confirm the diagnosis and may reveal features that change treatment.

Your team may review mammograms, MRI or other scans, biopsy findings, and previous treatment. Genomic tumour profiling or a breast cancer gene expression test may provide additional information in selected situations. Treatment is usually centred on medicines that reach cancer throughout the body; local treatment can be used for a troublesome or threatening area. Keep a record of pain, headaches, breathlessness, appetite, and new neurological changes.

Call the cancer team promptly for new severe bone pain, worsening breathlessness, persistent vomiting, confusion, or a new headache. Sudden weakness, trouble speaking, a seizure, severe chest pain, or major breathing difficulty needs emergency assessment.

What tests confirm the receptor results? Where has the cancer spread? Would another biopsy or tumour profiling help? What symptoms should trigger an urgent call?