Yellowish skin and eyes: jaundice explained

Jaundice develops when bilirubin, a yellow substance produced as red blood cells are processed, builds up in the body. The whites of the eyes may show the change clearly, while skin colour can be harder to judge in darker skin. Dark urine, pale stools, itching, tiredness, nausea, abdominal discomfort, or fever may occur. Causes include gallstones, hepatitis, liver inflammation, and conditions affecting bile drainage; jaundice alone cannot identify the cause.

Arrange prompt medical assessment if new yellowing appears. A clinician may ask about medicines, alcohol, travel, food and water exposure, previous liver problems, and other symptoms. Testing may include blood tests and, when appropriate, imaging. Do not stop prescribed medicines without advice, but list every medicine, supplement, and herbal product you use. Avoid alcohol until a clinician has assessed the change.

Seek urgent care for jaundice with severe or worsening abdominal pain, fever, confusion, unusual sleepiness, repeated vomiting, bleeding, or inability to keep fluids down. Very dark urine with pale stools, or yellowing after a new medicine, also deserves prompt attention. A newborn or a pregnant person with jaundice should be assessed urgently through the appropriate medical service.

Ask what tests are needed, whether your medicines could contribute, and which symptoms should send you to emergency care. Tell the clinician about recent travel or illness and ask whether hepatitis testing is appropriate.