Signs of an MCL injury

The medial collateral ligament runs along the inner side of the knee and helps resist forces that push the lower leg outward. A blow to the outside of the knee, a twisting movement, or a sudden change of direction can strain or tear it. Pain is often localised to the inner knee and may increase when turning, walking, or changing direction. Bruising and swelling can develop, while a more substantial tear may create instability.

Other knee injuries can occur at the same time, so symptoms alone cannot show the full extent. A clinician may check tenderness, knee stability, movement, and nearby nerves and blood vessels. Imaging is considered when the injury is severe or another structure may be involved.

Stop activities that provoke pain, protect the knee, and use ice wrapped in cloth for short periods. Elevate the leg if it is swollen and use a walking aid if you cannot walk comfortably. A clinician may recommend [Knee Bracing](/treatments/non-surgical-orthopedics/knee-bracing/) and guided [Physiotherapy](/treatments/physiotherapy-and-rehabilitation/physiotherapy/) to restore movement, strength, and control.

Seek urgent assessment if the knee is visibly deformed, you cannot bear weight, swelling appears rapidly, the foot becomes numb or cold, or the knee locks. Arrange a review when inner-knee pain or giving-way continues after the initial injury. Return to sport should wait for a structured [Return-to-Sport Programme](/treatments/physiotherapy-and-rehabilitation/return-to-sport-programme/).

Ask whether the ligament seems mildly strained or torn, whether other knee structures need testing, and what movements to avoid. Ask when to begin exercises, whether a brace is suitable, and which strength and balance milestones should come before sport.