What is a sickle cell pain crisis?

Sickled red blood cells are less flexible and can obstruct circulation in tissues. Pain may affect the bones, chest, abdomen, back or limbs and may last for hours or longer. The intensity and location can change, and there may be no clear trigger.

A crisis can occur alongside fatigue, pale skin or joint pain. Infection, dehydration, cold, low oxygen and exertion may increase risk for some people. A crisis is more than ordinary muscle soreness when the pain is severe, persistent or unlike your usual symptoms.

Use the written plan from your sickle cell team, including prescribed pain medicine. Sip fluids if safe, keep warm and avoid strenuous activity. Contact your clinical team early if the plan is not controlling the pain. In hospital, clinicians may check oxygen, hydration, infection and chest symptoms while treating pain.

Seek emergency care for chest pain, difficulty breathing, a high temperature, confusion, fainting, sudden weakness, severe headache, a seizure or pain that is rapidly worsening. A painful erection lasting several hours is also an emergency. Do not delay because a previous crisis settled at home.

Ask for a written crisis plan, the correct dose and timing of prescribed medicines, and the nearest suitable emergency service. Ask how to recognise acute chest problems and what information to bring when seeking care.