Sickle Cell Disease Crisis: What to Do

During a crisis, rigid sickle-shaped red blood cells can obstruct small vessels. Tissues then receive less oxygen, causing pain that may affect the bones, chest, abdomen, or joints. Some episodes begin suddenly, while others build over time. Dehydration, infection, cold exposure, stress, or low oxygen may contribute for some people, although a trigger is not always clear. Fatigue and pale skin can also reflect anaemia.

A crisis is different from ordinary muscle soreness. The person's established plan, medical history, and symptoms guide treatment. See [Sickle Cell Disease](/conditions/sickle-cell-disease/) for broader condition information.

Follow the written pain plan, drink fluids if you can do so safely, rest, and keep warm without overheating. Use only medicines recommended for you and record what you take and when. Contact your haematology team if pain is not settling or is stronger than usual. Do not drive yourself if you feel faint, confused, or severely unwell. A [Blood Test](/treatments/diagnostics-and-screening/blood-test/) may be used during assessment to check for anaemia or another problem.

Get emergency help for chest pain, trouble breathing, fever, sudden weakness, confusion, a seizure, severe headache, fainting, or pain that is severe or not controlled by your plan. Sudden vision changes, persistent vomiting, or inability to drink also need urgent assessment. Tell the team that you have sickle cell disease and bring your medicines or care plan if possible. These symptoms can signal complications that need treatment in a healthcare setting.

How do I use my pain plan? Which symptoms mean I should go directly to emergency care? What should I keep ready at home? How can we identify my personal triggers? When should I contact the haematology team during an episode?