Runny and stuffy nose: what to know

A cold can increase mucus and swelling for several days. Allergic rhinitis may cause clear discharge, sneezing, or an itchy nose, especially after exposure to dust, pollen, or animals. Sinusitis can add facial pressure, reduced smell, or thicker mucus. A blocked nose can also make sleep and mouth breathing harder; persistent night-time blockage deserves assessment because nasal obstruction can contribute to disturbed sleep.

Drink fluids, rest, and use a saline spray or rinse to loosen mucus. Follow the rinse instructions and use appropriately prepared water. Avoid smoke and other irritants. A pharmacist or clinician can help you choose treatment for allergy symptoms; use decongestant sprays only as directed because prolonged use can worsen blockage. Keep a note of triggers, duration, fever, facial pain, and the colour or amount of discharge.

Seek urgent help for severe breathing difficulty, swelling around the eyes, confusion, or a severe headache with a stiff neck. Arrange medical review if symptoms are worsening, recur frequently, follow an injury, cause marked facial pain, or interfere with sleep and daily activities. A clinician can examine the nose and decide whether allergy, infection, or another cause needs targeted care.

Could an allergy or sinus condition explain my pattern of symptoms? Which saline or medicine is suitable for me? How long should I try it, and what signs mean I should return?