What should you know about rules for abdominal ultrasound?

An abdominal ultrasound uses sound waves to create images of structures such as the liver, gallbladder, kidneys, pancreas and abdominal blood vessels. It can help investigate pain, swelling, abnormal examination findings or suspected gallstones and kidney stones. The scan does not use ionising radiation, but image quality can be affected by bowel gas or difficulty holding a position.

The person performing the scan moves gel and a probe over the skin. Pressure may feel uncomfortable over a tender area, but the procedure does not involve an incision.

Follow the imaging centre's instructions because preparation varies with the organs being examined. You may be asked not to eat for a period before the appointment while still taking permitted medicines with a small drink. Ask in advance about diabetes medicines, regular tablets and whether you should arrive with a comfortably full bladder. Wear clothing that allows access to the upper abdomen and bring previous reports if requested.

An ultrasound appointment is not a substitute for urgent assessment. Seek immediate medical help for severe or rapidly worsening abdominal pain, fainting, persistent vomiting, a rigid abdomen, or yellowing of the skin with marked illness. If pain is ongoing but not an emergency, a GP consultation can help decide whether imaging is appropriate and how quickly it is needed.

Ask what the scan is checking, whether fasting is required, how medicines should be handled, when results will be explained, and what symptoms should prompt earlier review.