How to get rid of dandruff

Dandruff causes visible flakes and may bring itching, tightness, or an oily scalp. It can be simple scalp flaking, while persistent redness, greasy scale, or irritation around the ears and eyebrows may fit seborrheic dermatitis. See [Dandruff](/conditions/dandruff/) and [Seborrheic Dermatitis](/conditions/seborrheic-dermatitis/) for more context.

Flakes can become more noticeable during dry weather, stress, or after using irritating hair products. Scratching may break the skin and make discomfort worse.

Wash the scalp often enough to remove oil and loose scale. A medicated shampoo may contain an ingredient aimed at reducing scale or yeast; massage it into the scalp and follow the product directions for contact time and frequency. Explore [Medicated Shampoo Treatment](/treatments/medical-dermatology/medicated-shampoo-therapy/) and [Topical Antifungal Treatment](/treatments/medical-dermatology/topical-antifungal-therapy/).

Avoid picking flakes, very hot water, and products that sting. If your hair is thick, part it so the shampoo reaches the scalp rather than only the hair.

Arrange a dermatology assessment if the scalp is painful, swollen, oozing, bleeding, or covered with thick plaques, or if hair loss appears in affected areas. Seek advice when itching persists despite a careful shampoo routine or when scale spreads beyond the scalp. [Itchy Scalp](/symptoms/itchy-scalp/) and [Flaky Scalp](/symptoms/scalp-flaking/) describe symptoms worth discussing.

Could this be seborrheic dermatitis or another scalp condition? Which shampoo ingredient suits my scalp, and how often should I use it? What should I do if the scalp becomes sore or the flakes return?