Remedies for shortness of breath

Breathlessness can arise from a chest infection, asthma, COPD, anaemia, a heart rhythm problem or reduced fitness. Anaphylaxis and angina are more urgent possibilities. The timing, activity level, cough, wheeze, fever, chest discomfort and medical history help a clinician work out the cause; the symptom alone cannot identify it.

Stop exertion, sit upright, loosen tight clothing and breathe slowly without forcing deep breaths. Use an inhaler or other rescue treatment only as prescribed, following your action plan if you have one. Avoid smoke and do not drive yourself if breathing is worsening. New, recurring or exertional breathlessness should be medically assessed even if it settles.

Call emergency services for severe or rapidly worsening breathing difficulty, blue or grey lips, confusion, collapse, facial or throat swelling, or chest pressure. Urgent assessment is also needed when breathlessness begins suddenly, follows an allergic exposure, occurs with fainting, or makes speaking difficult. Prompt review is appropriate for breathlessness with fever, wheeze, palpitations or swollen legs.

Ask what cause is most plausible, whether you need breathing tests or blood tests, how to use prescribed inhalers, and which changes mean you should seek emergency care.