What should you know about remedies for cluster headaches?

Cluster headache is a neurological condition that causes severe pain, usually around one eye or one side of the head. Attacks can come in groups over a period, sometimes with a red or watery eye, blocked or runny nostril, facial sweating, or restlessness on the painful side. A new severe headache should be assessed rather than labelled from symptoms alone, because other causes can resemble it.

Contact a clinician for an attack plan. Treatments used for cluster headache may work quickly when taken in the correct form and at the start of an episode; preventive treatment may be needed during a cluster period. Keep a diary of attack time, duration, side, associated eye or nose symptoms, possible triggers, and medicines used. Avoid alcohol during an active cluster period if it appears to trigger attacks, and follow prescribed treatment instructions. Do not increase doses or rely on frequent over-the-counter painkillers without advice.

Seek emergency help for a sudden explosive headache, new weakness or numbness, trouble speaking, confusion, fainting, seizure, stiff neck with fever, or new vision loss. Obtain prompt medical assessment if the pattern is new, the pain is different from previous attacks, or headache follows a head injury. Severe eye pain with a change in vision also needs urgent review.

Does my pattern fit cluster headache or another cause? What should I use at the first sign of an attack? Do I need preventive treatment during a cluster period? Which symptoms require emergency care?