What to know about a dislocated elbow

An elbow dislocation occurs when the bones that meet at the elbow lose their normal alignment, usually after a fall, collision, or forceful twist. Severe pain, an unusual shape, swelling, and inability to bend or straighten the arm can occur. Nerves, blood vessels, ligaments, or nearby bones may also be injured, so the arm needs assessment before and after treatment.

Keep the arm still in the position found and support it with a sling or folded clothing. Remove rings and watches before swelling increases. Use a wrapped cold pack briefly if it does not require moving the elbow. Do not pull, push, straighten, or test the joint, and do not eat or drink in case a procedure is needed. Clinicians may perform a closed reduction, followed by protection and a staged rehabilitation plan.

Call emergency services or go to an emergency department immediately. Urgency is especially high if the hand is pale, blue, cold, numb, weak, or difficult to move, or if there is an open wound or heavy bleeding. Increasing pain or tight swelling while waiting also needs immediate attention.

Ask whether imaging showed a fracture or ligament injury, how long the elbow needs protection, and which movements are allowed. Clarify how to manage swelling, when physiotherapy begins, and which changes should prompt an urgent review.