How to reduce a fever safely

Fever is a raised body temperature that often accompanies an infection. It is a sign of the body's immune response rather than a diagnosis by itself. Common illnesses such as the Common Cold or COVID-19 can include fever, while conditions such as cellulitis, chickenpox, acute bronchitis, bronchiolitis, croup, or brucellosis may also present with it. The associated symptoms and their progression help a clinician identify the cause.

Sip water or an oral rehydration drink regularly, especially if sweating, vomiting, or diarrhoea is present. Rest and keep the room comfortably cool; avoid heavy layers and cold-water baths, which can cause shivering. If appropriate for you, take paracetamol or another recommended fever medicine according to the label or a clinician's instructions. Do not give aspirin to children unless a clinician specifically advises it. Check medicines for duplicate ingredients and ask a pharmacist about dosing for a child, pregnancy, liver disease, or other long-term conditions.

Get urgent help for difficulty breathing, a seizure, confusion, unusual drowsiness, a stiff neck, a severe headache, blue or mottled skin, or a rash that does not fade when pressed. Prompt assessment is also needed when a baby has a fever, when someone cannot keep fluids down, or when there are signs of dehydration such as very little urine and marked dizziness. Arrange medical advice if the fever keeps returning, worsens, or does not improve with home care.

What cause of the fever fits the other symptoms? Which medicine and dose are suitable for this person? What temperature or change should prompt reassessment?