Red rash and scarlet fever: what to know

Scarlet fever is an illness linked to a streptococcal throat infection. Most people with scarlet fever notice a rough, sandpaper-like rash that may begin on the chest or tummy and spread. Fever, sore throat, a flushed face, and a tongue that looks unusually red can occur. Some people also have tender swollen glands. The rash pattern is not enough to confirm the diagnosis, because other infections and skin conditions can look similar.

Arrange a medical assessment when the rash appears with a sore throat or fever. A clinician may examine the throat and decide whether a test is appropriate. If antibiotic treatment is prescribed, take it exactly as directed and complete the course unless the prescriber changes the plan. Rest, drink fluids, use soft foods if swallowing hurts, and wash hands regularly. Avoid sharing cups, cutlery, towels, or toothbrushes while infection is suspected.

Seek urgent help for breathing difficulty, inability to swallow fluids, drooling, severe dehydration, unusual sleepiness, confusion, or a rapidly worsening illness. Get prompt advice if the rash is painful, blistering, purple, or does not briefly fade when pressed. A child with fever who is difficult to wake or is not drinking needs urgent assessment.

Ask whether the throat needs testing, how long close contacts should take precautions, when school or work can resume, and what to do if symptoms do not improve after treatment begins.