What causes swelling during pregnancy?

Mild swelling around the ankles, feet or fingers often becomes more noticeable later in the day, after standing, or in warm weather. It may affect both sides and improve after resting with your legs raised. The growing womb can slow blood flow from the lower body, while pregnancy changes how the body holds water and salt. Visible veins or aching legs can also occur with varicose veins.

Sudden swelling, especially in the face or hands, or swelling that is markedly worse on one side, needs medical attention because it can accompany pregnancy complications or a circulation problem. Swollen ankles can have causes unrelated to pregnancy, including heart, kidney or weight-related conditions.

Change position regularly and avoid standing still for long periods. Rest on your side with your legs supported, wear comfortable shoes, and take gentle walks if your maternity team says activity is suitable. Ankle movements can encourage circulation. Avoid tight socks or straps that leave deep marks, and drink fluids regularly rather than restricting drinks to control swelling. Do not start water tablets, supplements or compression garments without advice from your clinician.

Contact your maternity service promptly for sudden or rapidly increasing swelling, swelling of the face or hands, a severe headache, vision changes, pain beneath the ribs, unusual nausea, or feeling very unwell. Seek urgent help for chest pain, difficulty breathing, coughing blood, or a painful, red, hot leg. These symptoms require assessment even if the swelling seems mild.

Ask whether the pattern and location of your swelling are expected, whether your blood pressure and urine need checking, and which activity or support garments are appropriate for your stage of pregnancy.