What should you know about the reason for ovarian cancer?

A cell may acquire changes that allow it to multiply and survive when it should not. Some people inherit gene changes, including BRCA-related changes, that raise risk; a family history of ovarian or related cancers may therefore be relevant. Risk also varies with age and reproductive or hormonal history. Having a risk factor does not mean cancer will develop, and some people develop ovarian cancer without a clear cause.

Symptoms can be vague, such as persistent bloating, pelvic discomfort, feeling full quickly, or a change in bladder or bowel habits. These symptoms have many non-cancer causes. A clinician may use an examination and tests such as [Pelvic Ultrasound](/treatments/diagnostics-and-imaging/pelvic-ultrasound/) to investigate them.

Record symptoms, their pattern and any family history of ovarian, breast, bowel or related cancers. Arrange a medical review if symptoms persist or recur. If your family history suggests inherited risk, ask whether [BRCA Genetic Testing](/treatments/risk-reduction-and-prevention/brca-genetic-testing/) or genetic counselling is appropriate. Confirmed disease may be characterised with [Genomic Tumour Profiling](/treatments/diagnostics-and-staging/genomic-tumour-profiling/) to help guide treatment choices.

Seek prompt medical advice for ongoing bloating, pelvic or abdominal pain, unusual bleeding, unexplained weight change, or persistent changes in eating, urination or bowel movements. Seek urgent help for severe pain, repeated vomiting, fainting, marked weakness or heavy bleeding. These signs need assessment because they can reflect several urgent conditions, not because they confirm cancer.

Ask which symptoms or examination findings need investigation, whether your family history changes your care, and which tests are suitable. If cancer is diagnosed, ask how surgery such as [Oophorectomy](/treatments/gynaecological-surgery/oophorectomy/) or [Ovarian Cancer Debulking Surgery](/treatments/surgical-oncology/ovarian-debulking-surgery/) fits with other treatment options.