How do you get polio?

Poliovirus leaves an infected person in stool and can reach another person when handwashing, sanitation or food and water safety are inadequate. It can then enter through the mouth. Close household contact increases opportunities for transfer, and a person may spread the virus without feeling ill. Respiratory secretions can also contribute during close contact, particularly early in illness. Infection does not require a dramatic event; touching a contaminated surface and then eating can be enough. Vaccination reduces the chance that exposure leads to disease.

Wash hands with soap after toilet use, after changing nappies and before handling food. Use safe drinking water, wash produce and cook food appropriately. Dispose of nappies carefully and clean bathroom surfaces. Check vaccination records for every household member and seek advice before travel if doses are uncertain. If exposure may have occurred, contact a healthcare professional rather than waiting for weakness or paralysis. Avoid preparing food for others while experiencing diarrhoea or vomiting.

Arrange prompt assessment after a concerning exposure if fever, headache, vomiting, severe muscle pain, stiff neck or back, or unusual tiredness develops. Seek emergency help for new weakness, difficulty walking, swallowing or breathing. Tell the service about possible exposure and recent travel before arrival so they can give appropriate instructions.

Ask whether your vaccine record is complete, whether household contacts need advice, how long to take extra hygiene precautions, and which symptoms should trigger urgent review.