Pigmented Melanoma: What to Know

Melanoma develops from pigment-producing cells and may appear as a new dark spot or a changing mole. Warning features include asymmetry, an irregular edge, multiple colours, growth, bleeding, crusting, or a spot that looks unlike the others. These signs do not establish the diagnosis; examination and tissue testing are needed.

A clinician may use dermoscopy and recommend surgical excision of the suspicious lesion. The laboratory report helps determine whether further surgery, a sentinel lymph node biopsy, imaging, or other treatment should be discussed.

Do not pick, burn, or attempt to remove a changing pigmented lesion yourself. Photograph it and arrange a prompt dermatology appointment, especially if it is changing over weeks or months. Bring a list of medicines and details of when the lesion first appeared.

Treatment depends on the confirmed stage and location. It may include skin cancer surgery or tumour removal surgery, followed by surveillance. When melanoma has spread, an oncology team may discuss systemic treatments such as immunotherapy. A brain metastasis is a separate advanced finding requiring specialist management, not an assumption from a skin spot.

Seek prompt medical assessment for a new or changing pigmented lesion, bleeding, ulceration, persistent crust, or a non-healing area. Seek urgent care for heavy bleeding, severe pain, rapidly spreading redness, or new neurological symptoms such as weakness, confusion, or a seizure.

Ask what examination and biopsy are needed, what the pathology report means, whether margins or lymph nodes need assessment, and which follow-up schedule or treatments fit your stage.