What should you know about permanent blocked nose?

Nasal congestion can come with swelling of the lining, thick mucus, a deviated septum, nasal polyps or irritant exposure. Allergic rhinitis and house dust mite allergy may bring sneezing, itching and watery discharge. Chronic sinusitis may cause facial pressure, reduced smell and coloured mucus, although symptoms vary.

A common cold usually improves as the infection settles, while ongoing blockage deserves a different review. Blockage that is worse at night, with snoring or pauses in breathing, can also occur with obstructive sleep apnoea. Persistent one-sided blockage, nosebleeds or a change in smell should be mentioned specifically.

Keep a short record of whether the blockage is one-sided, seasonal, linked to dust or pets, and whether you have discharge, pain or reduced smell. Saline nasal rinsing may loosen mucus; use sterile, distilled or previously boiled and cooled water and clean the device as directed.

A pharmacist or clinician can advise whether allergy medication or another nasal treatment is suitable. Decongestant sprays should not be used longer than the label advises because overuse can worsen congestion. Avoid smoke and strong fragrances, and do not insert objects into the nose.

Arrange a clinical assessment when blockage persists, disrupts sleep, affects breathing through the mouth or reduces smell. Seek urgent care for severe breathing difficulty, swelling around an eye, severe headache with neck stiffness, or heavy bleeding that does not stop with appropriate first aid.

Ask whether the pattern suggests allergy, sinus disease or a structural cause; whether an examination of the nose is needed; which spray or rinse is safe for you; and whether sleep symptoms need assessment.