Pathophysiology of angina pectoris explained

The heart receives blood through the coronary arteries. Fatty deposits or changes in the artery wall can reduce the space available for blood flow. During walking, climbing or emotional strain, the heart beats harder and needs additional oxygen. A narrowed artery may not increase supply enough, so the heart muscle becomes temporarily short of oxygen and produces pressure, squeezing, heaviness or chest tightness. Discomfort may spread to an arm, shoulder, neck, jaw or back and may improve with rest, but symptoms can vary. Hypertension can place extra workload on the heart and contribute to cardiovascular risk.

Record what brings on symptoms, how long they last, where they spread and what relieves them. An ECG records the heart's electrical activity and may be part of an assessment; other tests may be needed because a normal result does not explain every episode. Your clinician may recommend medicines to reduce the heart's workload, control blood pressure or manage cholesterol, along with activity and smoking advice. Take prescribed treatment as directed and do not stop it without discussing the change. Reading about Angina, Chest Tightness, Electrocardiogram, Blood Pressure Medication and Statin Therapy can help you prepare for a consultation.

Call emergency services immediately for new, severe or persistent chest discomfort, discomfort at rest, or symptoms with sweating, nausea, faintness, marked breathlessness or a feeling of impending collapse. Treat sudden chest symptoms as potentially serious rather than trying to diagnose the cause at home. If you already have an angina plan, follow its emergency instructions while seeking help.

Ask whether your symptoms fit stable angina, which tests are appropriate, how to use any prescribed relief medicine, and which activities should be limited temporarily. Discuss blood pressure, cholesterol, exercise, smoking and the symptoms that should trigger emergency help.