Pancreatic cancer surgery: what to know

A tumour in the pancreatic head may be treated with a Whipple procedure, which removes the pancreatic head and nearby structures before reconnecting the digestive tract. Tumours in the body or tail may require removal of that part of the pancreas and sometimes the spleen. The exact operation depends on scans and what the surgeon finds.

Some people receive chemotherapy or radiotherapy before or after surgery. If cancer has spread or cannot be removed safely, treatment may focus on controlling disease and relieving symptoms instead.

Before surgery, the team reviews nutrition, blood sugar, medicines, fitness, and the expected effect on digestion. Recovery may involve a hospital stay, gradual return to food and movement, wound care, and monitoring for infection, bleeding, delayed stomach emptying, or a leak.

After part of the pancreas is removed, some people need pancreatic enzyme capsules with meals or diabetes support. Ask how these changes will be monitored and who to call at home.

After surgery, seek prompt medical advice for fever, increasing belly pain, repeated vomiting, a swollen abdomen, wound redness or discharge, sudden breathlessness, or inability to keep fluids down. The surgical team can distinguish expected recovery from a complication.

Can the tumour be removed, and what makes surgery suitable? Which organs may be affected? Will I need treatment before or after the operation? How will digestion and blood sugar be managed? What symptoms require an urgent call?