Pain during sex and STIs: what to know

Some sexually transmitted infections cause few or no noticeable symptoms, while others may cause discharge, pelvic pain, bleeding after sex, sores, or burning when passing urine. Pelvic inflammatory disease is an infection-related pelvic condition that can cause deeper pain during sex and pelvic tenderness. Pain alone cannot identify an STI: dryness, vulvodynia, endometriosis, skin inflammation, and other pelvic problems can feel similar. A recent partner, sex without a barrier, or a partner with symptoms changes the testing conversation without proving the cause.

Pause sex or use barriers until you have advice if an STI is possible, and avoid sharing medication. Arrange confidential testing through a sexual-health service or clinician; the tests depend on the exposure and may use urine, swabs, blood, or an examination. Tell the clinician when the pain began, where it occurs, whether there has been a new partner, and whether pregnancy is possible. Partners may also need advice if an infection is found.

Seek prompt assessment for pelvic pain with fever, unusual or foul-smelling discharge, bleeding after sex, genital sores, or burning urine. Urgent care is needed for severe worsening pain, fainting, vomiting, or heavy bleeding. Do not wait for a visible sign before testing after a meaningful exposure.

Which STI tests match my type and timing of exposure? Should I avoid sex while awaiting results? Does my pelvic pain require assessment for pelvic inflammatory disease?