What should you know about oily hair and dandruff?

Dandruff commonly appears as white or yellowish flakes on the scalp and hair. Extra oil can make flakes cling to the scalp, while scratching may increase redness and sensitivity. Dandruff is not caused by poor hygiene, although infrequent cleansing can make visible scale more noticeable. Seborrheic dermatitis can also present with greasy scale, itch and inflamed skin, especially around the hairline, ears or eyebrows. A flaky scalp may be itchy, but severe soreness, crusting or broken hairs suggests another problem that needs assessment.

Wash often enough to remove oil without scrubbing hard or picking at scale. A clinician or pharmacist can help choose a medicated shampoo and explain how long to leave it on the scalp before rinsing. Use it consistently as directed, and keep conditioner mainly on the hair lengths if roots become greasy quickly. Avoid sharing brushes, hats or towels when there are raw areas or concern about infection. If ordinary care does not settle the flakes, discuss medicated shampoo treatment or topical antifungal treatment with a dermatologist.

Arrange a dermatology review for persistent or recurring flakes, marked itch, thick plaques, pain, oozing, swelling or noticeable hair loss. Seek prompt care when the scalp becomes very tender, develops pus-filled spots, or a child has patchy hair breakage and scale. These findings can point beyond uncomplicated dandruff and may require an examination rather than repeated product changes.

Ask whether the scale fits dandruff or seborrheic dermatitis, how frequently to use a medicated shampoo, and which signs should prompt a review. Mention recent hair products, scratching, skin conditions elsewhere and any change in hair density.