What should you know about nonbacterial prostatitis?

Symptoms may include discomfort between the scrotum and anus, lower abdominal or back pain, painful urination, frequent urination or urinary urgency. Some people notice discomfort with ejaculation. Nonbacterial prostatitis is not the same as a urinary tract infection, although symptoms can overlap and testing may be needed to separate them.

A clinician may review symptoms, examine the abdomen and pelvic area, and arrange urine testing. Difficulty passing urine is particularly relevant because swelling, muscle tension or another urinary problem may interfere with emptying the bladder.

Book a GP consultation if pelvic or urinary symptoms persist, recur or interfere with sleep, work or sexual activity. Note when symptoms occur, how strongly you need to urinate, whether urine flow changes, and any fever or discharge. Regular fluids may help, but reduce bladder irritants such as caffeine or alcohol if they worsen urgency. Use medicines only as advised; antibiotics are not automatically helpful when testing does not show bacteria.

Seek urgent care if you cannot pass urine, develop fever with pelvic pain, become confused or very unwell, or have rapidly worsening symptoms. A blocked bladder or a spreading infection needs prompt treatment. Do not wait for a routine appointment if urinary retention is severe or painful.

Ask which tests have looked for infection, whether another urinary condition could explain the symptoms, and what treatment is suitable if bacteria are not found. Ask how to manage pain or urgency, what changes should prompt review, and whether a urology referral is needed.