Non-squamous lung cancer: what to know

Non-squamous lung cancer describes a group of lung cancers whose cells do not have squamous features. It is a pathology description, not a complete treatment plan; subtype, stage, tumour biology and general health provide the next pieces of information.

A pathologist examines cells from a biopsy or surgical sample and may classify the tumour as non-squamous, often within the broader non-small cell lung cancer group. The report may include the likely subtype, grade and findings from special stains or molecular tests.

Genomic tumour profiling may identify changes that affect treatment discussions. Imaging and staging show where the cancer is located and whether it has spread, including to distant sites such as the brain. These results help the multidisciplinary team match treatment to the tumour and the person.

Ask for a copy of the pathology and imaging reports and request plain-language explanations of unfamiliar terms. The plan may include surgery such as a lung lobectomy when disease is confined and surgery is suitable. Radiotherapy, chemotherapy or another systemic treatment may be used before or after local treatment, or when surgery is not appropriate.

Tell the team about lung disease, other conditions, medicines and your priorities. Palliative care can be added to control symptoms and support daily life alongside treatment, whatever the stage.

Contact your team promptly for new chest pain, worsening breathlessness, fever, confusion or inability to keep fluids down. Seek emergency help for severe breathing difficulty, collapse, coughing a large amount of blood, a seizure or sudden one-sided weakness. A persistent hoarse voice should also be assessed.

What exact subtype is shown in my pathology report? Is the sample adequate for molecular testing? What stage is the cancer? Which treatments are local and which travel through the body? What is the purpose of each option? How will symptoms and response be monitored?