What should you know about NICE COPD guidance?

COPD can narrow or damage the airways, making it harder to move air in and out. Cough, wheezing, chest tightness and coughing up phlegm are common presentations of COPD, but symptoms vary and may change over time. Breathlessness can limit activity, while an exacerbation is a noticeable worsening that needs prompt attention. Spirometry helps clinicians assess airflow and distinguish COPD from other causes of breathing difficulty.

Arrange an assessment for ongoing cough, phlegm, wheeze or breathlessness, especially if these symptoms affect walking or sleep. Ask whether spirometry is suitable and learn how to use each inhaler correctly. A chronic disease review can check symptoms, inhaler technique, activity, vaccinations and the written plan for worsening symptoms. If you smoke, a smoking cessation programme can provide structured support. Pace activity, keep medicines available as prescribed and record changes in breathing or sputum.

Seek emergency help for severe breathlessness, blue or grey lips, confusion, fainting, or difficulty speaking because of breathing. Get prompt medical advice when breathlessness or wheeze suddenly worsens, phlegm changes markedly, or usual reliever treatment is not helping. Follow your clinician's flare-up plan and do not wait if you feel unsafe.

Ask whether your symptoms need spirometry, which inhaler does what, how to recognise an exacerbation, and when to use your action plan. Ask about pulmonary rehabilitation, smoking support, exercise limits and the timing of your next chronic disease review.