What should you know about new onset seizure?

A seizure is a temporary burst of abnormal electrical activity in the brain. It may cause staring, loss of awareness, stiffening, rhythmic jerking, unusual movements, confusion or a period of deep sleep. One seizure does not by itself establish epilepsy. Possible triggers include low blood glucose, alcohol withdrawal, medication effects, head injury, infection or a neurological condition. Hypoglycaemia and Meningitis are examples of problems that require specific assessment; Alcohol Use Disorder can also be relevant when withdrawal is possible.

Protect the person from nearby hazards, cushion the head, loosen tight clothing and turn them gently onto their side when possible. Time the event. Do not restrain them, put anything in their mouth, or give food or drink until they are fully alert. Stay with them, explain calmly what happened and arrange urgent medical review. If safe, a witness can note movements, breathing, colour and recovery, or provide a recording to clinicians.

Call emergency services if the seizure lasts several minutes, repeats without recovery, causes breathing difficulty or serious injury, occurs in water, happens during pregnancy, or is the person’s first known seizure. Also call when the person remains confused, has a severe headache, fever, stiff neck, weakness, or does not return to their usual state. Do not leave someone alone after an unexplained event.

Ask what tests may identify a trigger, whether medicines or alcohol could have contributed, what activity restrictions apply, how to reduce injury risk, and which symptoms should prompt emergency help. Ask when neurological follow-up and driving advice are needed.