My nose is constantly blocked: what should I know?

Allergic rhinitis can cause congestion, sneezing, an itchy nose and watery eyes, especially after exposure to pollen, dust or animals. House dust mite allergy may cause symptoms that are worse indoors or on waking. Sinusitis can add facial pressure, reduced smell and thick nasal drainage. A common cold usually brings congestion with other short-lived respiratory symptoms. Persistent blockage on one side, frequent nosebleeds or reduced airflow without a cold deserves an examination because swollen tissue, a deviated septum or another nasal problem may be involved.

Notice whether symptoms follow dust, fragrances, outdoor exposure, lying down or a recent infection. Saline nasal rinsing or spray can loosen mucus; use sterile, distilled or previously boiled and cooled water for a rinse and keep the device clean. Drink normally and avoid smoke or other irritants. A pharmacist or clinician can explain whether allergy medication is suitable and how to use a nasal spray correctly. Avoid using decongestant nasal sprays longer than the product instructions, because overuse can worsen congestion.

Arrange a medical review if blockage is persistent, repeatedly returns, disrupts sleep or affects smell. Seek prompt care for swelling around the eye, severe facial pain, high fever, confusion, a stiff neck or a severe headache. Get urgent help if breathing is difficult, the nose is bleeding heavily or bleeding will not stop with gentle pressure. Loud snoring, witnessed pauses in breathing and marked daytime sleepiness may point to obstructive sleep apnoea and should be assessed.

Ask what is most likely causing the pattern, whether the inside of the nose needs examining, and which treatment is safe with your other medicines. Mention one-sided symptoms, loss of smell, snoring, nosebleeds, triggers and how long the blockage has lasted.