My ankles are always swollen: what should I know?

Swelling, also called oedema, happens when extra fluid collects in the tissues around the ankles. It may be worse after standing or sitting for a long time and improve after raising your legs, but swelling that keeps returning still needs attention.

Swelling in both ankles can occur when the leg veins do not move blood back efficiently, particularly after long periods on your feet. Varicose veins can contribute to this pattern. Reduced movement, excess body weight, a salty diet, heat, and some medicines can also promote fluid pooling.

Swelling may also accompany heart or kidney problems, especially when it appears with breathlessness, unusual tiredness, a change in urination, or swelling elsewhere. A swollen ankle can have a local cause such as an injury, arthritis, or infection. One-sided swelling, warmth, redness, or tenderness needs prompt assessment because a blood clot or infection may need urgent treatment. Persistent swelling does not identify one diagnosis by itself.

Arrange an appointment with a general practitioner, particularly if the swelling has lasted several days, keeps recurring, or is gradually increasing. Note whether one or both ankles are affected, when the swelling is worst, and whether it leaves a dent after gentle pressure. Take a list of medicines and supplements, including recently started treatments.

Until you are assessed, avoid staying in one position for long periods. Gentle walking and ankle movements can help circulation if they do not cause pain. Raise your legs when resting, wear comfortable shoes, and avoid changing prescribed medicines or starting compression garments without professional advice. Do not sharply restrict fluids unless a clinician has told you to do so.

Seek emergency help now for ankle or leg swelling with sudden breathlessness, chest pain, fainting, coughing blood, or severe weakness. These symptoms can signal a serious heart or lung problem.

Get same-day medical advice for swelling that begins suddenly, is clearly worse on one side, or is accompanied by warmth, redness, marked pain, fever, or difficulty walking. Contact a clinician promptly if swelling comes with breathlessness when lying down, rapid worsening, or much less urine than usual.

Ask: Could any of my medicines be contributing to the swelling? Do I need an examination of my veins, heart, kidneys, or joints? Which tests would help identify the cause? Is walking or leg elevation suitable for me, and should I use compression? What changes should prompt urgent review?