What should you know about Movember prostate cancer?

Prostate cancer begins when cells in the prostate grow in an uncontrolled way. The prostate sits below the bladder and surrounds part of the urine tube, so changes in its size or function can affect urine flow. Some people have no symptoms at first. Difficulty passing urine can have several causes, including non-cancerous prostate enlargement, and does not by itself establish a diagnosis. Assessment may include a conversation about symptoms, examination, blood tests and further investigations chosen by the clinical team.

If you notice a new urinary change, blood in urine or semen, pelvic discomfort, or a persistent change in sexual function, arrange a medical appointment. Bring a list of medicines and note when symptoms began, whether they vary, and whether close relatives have had prostate cancer. If cancer is diagnosed, options may include monitoring, surgery, radiotherapy or medicines, depending on the tumour and your health. Possible treatment discussions include prostate removal surgery, radiotherapy, brachytherapy and targeted radioisotope therapy. Bone-strengthening therapy may be considered when cancer affects bone health.

Seek urgent medical help if you cannot pass urine, have heavy bleeding, severe worsening pain, new leg weakness, or loss of bladder or bowel control. These symptoms need prompt assessment because they can signal urinary blockage, bleeding or pressure on nerves. A routine appointment is suitable for persistent but less severe urinary symptoms, even when they seem manageable.

Ask which tests are appropriate for your symptoms and what each result can show. You can also ask whether monitoring, surgery, radiotherapy or another treatment fits your situation; how treatment may affect urine control, erections and fertility; and which symptoms should prompt an urgent call.